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Department
  • Medicine
    • Institute
  • Division of Anaesthesia
    • Research Theme Beyond the Neuron Neurons, Circuits and Networks Lifelong Brain Development and Brain Ageing
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    Professor David Menon

    University Position
    Head of Division

    Interests

    The research program of the University Division of Anaesthesia has aimed to understand regional cerebral pathophysiology to advance the care of critically ill patients after brain injury, from initial ictus, through recovery from coma and rehabilitation, to final outcome. These aims have been realized through a series of MRC Program and Cooperative Group Grants, based in the Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, which have formed a focus for productive collaboration with other departments in the Clinical School, and the broader neuroscience community in Cambridge. Substantial academic leadership for this research program has come from the Division of Anaesthesia, but key collaborations have included NHS colleagues in the Neurocritical Care Unit, the University Departments of Neurosurgery, Psychiatry and Experimental Psychology, and the MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit.

    Associated News Items

    Key Publications

    Acute thalamic connectivity precedes chronic post-concussive symptoms in mild traumatic brain injury.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awad056
    Journal: Brain
    E-pub date: 1 Aug 2023
    Authors: RE Woodrow, S Winzeck, AI Luppi, IR Kelleher-Unger, LRB Spindler, JTL Wilson, VFJ Newcombe, JP Coles, CENTER-TBI MRI Substudy Participants and Investigators, DK Menon, EA Stamatakis

    Intrinsic brain dynamics in the Default Mode Network predict involuntary fluctuations of visual awareness

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-34410-6
    Journal: Nat Commun
    E-pub date: 14 Nov 2022
    Authors: D Lyu, S Naik, DK Menon, EA Stamatakis

    Metabolic derangements are associated with impaired glucose delivery following traumatic brain injury.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awab255
    Journal: Brain
    E-pub date: 16 Dec 2021
    Authors: J Hermanides, YT Hong, M Trivedi, J Outtrim, F Aigbirhio, PJ Nestor, M Guilfoyle, S Winzeck, VFJ Newcombe, T Das, MM Correia, KLH Carpenter, PJA Hutchinson, AK Gupta, TD Fryer, JD Pickard, DK Menon, JP Coles

    Dopaminergic brainstem disconnection is common to pharmacological and pathological consciousness perturbation.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2026289118
    Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
    E-pub date: 27 Jul 2021
    Authors: LRB Spindler, AI Luppi, RM Adapa, MM Craig, P Coppola, ARD Peattie, AE Manktelow, P Finoia, BJ Sahakian, GB Williams, J Allanson, JD Pickard, DK Menon, EA Stamatakis

    Neuroanatomical Substrates and Symptoms Associated With Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Patients With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.0994
    Journal: JAMA Netw Open
    E-pub date: 1 Mar 2021
    Authors: S Richter, S Winzeck, EN Kornaropoulos, T Das, T Vande Vyvere, J Verheyden, GB Williams, MM Correia, DK Menon, VFJ Newcombe, Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research in Traumatic Brain Injury Magnetic Resonance Imaging (CENTER-TBI MRI) Substudy Participants and Investigators

    Structural optimality and neurogenetic expression mediate functional dynamics in the human brain.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.24942
    Journal: Hum Brain Mapp
    E-pub date: 1 Jun 2020
    Authors: I Pappas, MM Craig, DK Menon, EA Stamatakis

    Spatial and Temporal Pattern of Ischemia and Abnormal Vascular Function Following Traumatic Brain Injury.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.3854
    Journal: JAMA Neurol
    E-pub date: 1 Mar 2020
    Authors: Y Launey, TD Fryer, YT Hong, LA Steiner, J Nortje, TV Veenith, PJ Hutchinson, A Ercole, AK Gupta, FI Aigbirhio, JD Pickard, JP Coles, DK Menon

    Handling of Missing Outcome Data in Traumatic Brain Injury Research: A Systematic Review.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2018.6216
    Journal: J Neurotrauma
    E-pub date: 1 Oct 2019
    Authors: S Richter, S Stevenson, T Newman, L Wilson, DK Menon, AIR Maas, D Nieboer, H Lingsma, EW Steyerberg, VFJ Newcombe

    Default mode contributions to automated information processing.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1710521114
    Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
    E-pub date: 28 Nov 2017
    Authors: D Vatansever, DK Menon, EA Stamatakis

    Pathophysiologic Mechanisms of Cerebral Ischemia and Diffusion Hypoxia in Traumatic Brain Injury.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2016.0091
    Journal: JAMA Neurol
    E-pub date: 1 May 2016
    Authors: TV Veenith, EL Carter, T Geeraerts, J Grossac, VFJ Newcombe, J Outtrim, GS Gee, V Lupson, R Smith, FI Aigbirhio, TD Fryer, YT Hong, DK Menon, JP Coles

    Diffusion limited oxygen delivery following head injury.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1097/01.ccm.0000127777.16609.08
    Journal: Crit Care Med
    E-pub date: 1 Jun 2004
    Authors: DK Menon, JP Coles, AK Gupta, TD Fryer, P Smielewski, DA Chatfield, F Aigbirhio, JN Skepper, PS Minhas, PJ Hutchinson, TA Carpenter, JC Clark, JD Pickard

    Incidence and mechanisms of cerebral ischemia in early clinical head injury.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1097/01.WCB.0000103022.98348.24
    Journal: J Cereb Blood Flow Metab
    E-pub date: 1 Feb 2004
    Authors: JP Coles, TD Fryer, P Smielewski, DA Chatfield, LA Steiner, AJ Johnston, SPMJ Downey, GB Williams, F Aigbirhio, PJ Hutchinson, K Rice, TA Carpenter, JC Clark, JD Pickard, DK Menon

    Publications

    A Synergistic Workspace for Human Consciousness Revealed by Integrated Information Decomposition

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.7554/elife.88173
    Journal:
    E-pub date: 15 May 2024
    Authors: AI Luppi, PAM Mediano, FE Rosas, J Allanson, JD Pickard, RL Carhart-Harris, GB Williams, MM Craig, P Finoia, AM Owen, L Naci, DK Menon, D Bor, EA Stamatakis

    Converging on consistent functional connectomics

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1101/2023.06.23.546329
    Journal:
    E-pub date: 1 Aug 2023
    Authors: AI Luppi, HM Gellersen, Z-Q Liu, ARD Peattie, AE Manktelow, R Adapa, AM Owen, L Naci, DK Menon, SI Dimitriadis, EA Stamatakis

    A Synergistic Workspace for Human Consciousness Revealed by Integrated Information Decomposition

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.7554/elife.88173.1
    Journal:
    E-pub date: 25 Jul 2023
    Authors: AI Luppi, PAM Mediano, FE Rosas, J Allanson, JD Pickard, RL Carhart-Harris, GB Williams, MM Craig, P Finoia, AM Owen, L Naci, DK Menon, D Bor, EA Stamatakis

    Use of Support Vector Machines Approach via ComBat Harmonized Diffusion Tensor Imaging for the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A CENTER-TBI Study.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2022.0365
    Journal: J Neurotrauma
    E-pub date: 1 Jul 2023
    Authors: M Siqueira Pinto, S Winzeck, EN Kornaropoulos, S Richter, R Paolella, MM Correia, B Glocker, G Williams, A Vik, JP Posti, A Haberg, J Stenberg, P-J Guns, AJ den Dekker, DK Menon, J Sijbers, P Van Dyck, VFJ Newcombe

    In vivo mapping of pharmacologically induced functional reorganization onto the human brain’s neurotransmitter landscape.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adf8332
    Journal: Sci Adv
    E-pub date: 16 Jun 2023
    Authors: AI Luppi, JY Hansen, R Adapa, RL Carhart-Harris, L Roseman, C Timmermann, D Golkowski, A Ranft, R Ilg, D Jordan, V Bonhomme, A Vanhaudenhuyse, A Demertzi, O Jaquet, MA Bahri, NLN Alnagger, P Cardone, ARD Peattie, AE Manktelow, DB de Araujo, SL Sensi, AM Owen, L Naci, DK Menon, B Misic, EA Stamatakis

    Depressive symptoms following traumatic brain injury are associated with resting-state functional connectivity.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291721004724
    Journal: Psychol Med
    E-pub date: 1 Apr 2023
    Authors: L Luo, C Langley, L Moreno-Lopez, K Kendrick, DK Menon, EA Stamatakis, BJ Sahakian

    Distributed harmonic patterns of structure-function dependence orchestrate human consciousness

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-023-04474-1
    Journal: Commun Biol
    E-pub date: 28 Jan 2023
    Authors: AI Luppi, J Vohryzek, ML Kringelbach, PAM Mediano, MM Craig, R Adapa, RL Carhart-Harris, L Roseman, I Pappas, ARD Peattie, AE Manktelow, BJ Sahakian, P Finoia, GB Williams, J Allanson, JD Pickard, DK Menon, S Atasoy, EA Stamatakis

    The complexity of the stream of consciousness.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-022-04109-x
    Journal: Commun Biol
    E-pub date: 3 Nov 2022
    Authors: P Coppola, J Allanson, L Naci, R Adapa, P Finoia, GB Williams, JD Pickard, AM Owen, DK Menon, EA Stamatakis

    Brain injury in COVID-19 is associated with dysregulated innate and adaptive immune responses.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awac321
    Journal: Brain
    E-pub date: 6 Sep 2022
    Authors: EJ Needham, AL Ren, RJ Digby, EJ Norton, S Ebrahimi, JG Outtrim, DA Chatfield, AE Manktelow, MM Leibowitz, VFJ Newcombe, R Doffinger, G Barcenas-Morales, C Fonseca, MJ Taussig, RM Burnstein, RJ Samanta, C Dunai, N Sithole, NJ Ashton, H Zetterberg, M Gisslén, A Edén, E Marklund, PJM Openshaw, J Dunning, MJ Griffiths, J Cavanagh, G Breen, SR Irani, A Elmer, N Kingston, C Summers, JR Bradley, LS Taams, BD Michael, ET Bullmore, KGC Smith, PA Lyons, AJ Coles, DK Menon, Cambridge NeuroCOVID Group, CITIID-NIHR COVID-19 BioResource Collaboration, Cambridge NIHR Clinical Research Facility

    Reduced emergent character of neural dynamics in patients with a disrupted connectome

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1101/2022.06.16.496445
    Journal:
    E-pub date: 1 Aug 2022
    Authors: A Luppi, PAM Mediano, F Rosas, J Allanson, J Pickard, G Williams, M Craig, P Finoia, ARD Peattie, P Coppola, D Menon, D Bor, E Stamatakis

    Mapping Pharmacologically-induced Functional Reorganisation onto the Brain’s Neurotransmitter Landscape

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.12.499688
    Journal:
    E-pub date: 13 Jul 2022
    Authors: AI Luppi, JY Hansen, R Adapa, RL Carhart-Harris, L Roseman, C Timmermann, D Golkowski, A Ranft, R Ilg, D Jordan, V Bonhomme, A Vanhaudenhuyse, A Demertzi, O Jaquet, MA Bahri, NLN Alnagger, P Cardone, ARD Peattie, AE Manktelow, DB de Araujo, SL Sensi, AM Owen, L Naci, DK Menon, B Misic, EA Stamatakis

    Network dynamics scale with levels of awareness.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119128
    Journal: Neuroimage
    E-pub date: 1 Jul 2022
    Authors: P Coppola, LRB Spindler, AI Luppi, R Adapa, L Naci, J Allanson, P Finoia, GB Williams, JD Pickard, AM Owen, DK Menon, EA Stamatakis

    A synergistic core for human brain evolution and cognition.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-022-01070-0
    Journal: Nat Neurosci
    E-pub date: 1 Jun 2022
    Authors: AI Luppi, PAM Mediano, FE Rosas, N Holland, TD Fryer, JT O'Brien, JB Rowe, DK Menon, D Bor, EA Stamatakis

    Whole-brain modelling identifies distinct but convergent paths to unconsciousness in anaesthesia and disorders of consciousness.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-022-03330-y
    Journal: Commun Biol
    E-pub date: 20 Apr 2022
    Authors: AI Luppi, PAM Mediano, FE Rosas, J Allanson, JD Pickard, GB Williams, MM Craig, P Finoia, ARD Peattie, P Coppola, AM Owen, L Naci, DK Menon, D Bor, EA Stamatakis

    Measuring cerebral perfusion with [11C]-PiB R1 in Down syndrome: associations with amyloid burden and longitudinal cognitive decline.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcaa198
    Journal: Brain Commun
    E-pub date: 1 Aug 2021
    Authors: E Mak, M Grigorova, J Beresford-Webb, M Malpetti, M Walpert, S Brown, E Jones, I Clare, YT Hong, TD Fryer, JP Coles, FI Aigbirhio, DK Menon, PJ Nestor, AJ Holland, SH Zaman

    Paths to Oblivion: Common Neural Mechanisms of Anaesthesia and Disorders of Consciousness

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.14.431140
    Journal:
    E-pub date: 1 Aug 2021
    Authors: A Luppi, PAM Mediano, F Rosas, J Allanson, J Pickard, G Williams, M Craig, P Finoia, ARD Peattie, P Coppola, A Owen, L Naci, D Menon, D Bor, E Stamatakis

    Searching for Consistent Brain Network Topologies Across the Garden of (Shortest) Forking Paths

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1101/2021.07.13.452257
    Journal:
    E-pub date: 1 Aug 2021
    Authors: A Luppi, H Gellersen, A Peattie, A Manktelow, D Menon, S Dimitriadis, E Stamatakis

    Perturbation or Function? Intrinsic brain dynamics in the Default Mode Network predict involuntary fluctuations of visual awareness

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-646785/v1
    Journal:
    E-pub date: 1 Aug 2021
    Authors: D Lu, E Stamatakis, S Naik, D Menon

    Network dynamics scale with levels of awareness

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1101/2021.04.12.439452
    Journal:
    E-pub date: 1 Aug 2021
    Authors: P Coppola, LRB Spindler, A Luppi, R Adapa, L Naci, J Allanson, P Finoia, G Williams, J Pickard, A Owen, D Menon, E Stamatakis

    The Inert Brain: Explaining Neural Inertia as Post-anaesthetic Sleep Inertia.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.643871
    Journal: Front Neurosci
    E-pub date: 1 Aug 2021
    Authors: AI Luppi, LRB Spindler, DK Menon, EA Stamatakis

    Brain network integration dynamics are associated with loss and recovery of consciousness induced by sevoflurane.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.25405
    Journal: Hum Brain Mapp
    E-pub date: 15 Jun 2021
    Authors: AI Luppi, D Golkowski, A Ranft, R Ilg, D Jordan, DK Menon, EA Stamatakis

    Outcome Prediction after Moderate and Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: External Validation of Two Established Prognostic Models in 1742 European Patients.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2020.7300
    Journal: J Neurotrauma
    E-pub date: 15 May 2021
    Authors: SA Dijkland, IRAR Helmrich, D Nieboer, M van der Jagt, DWJ Dippel, DK Menon, N Stocchetti, AIR Maas, HF Lingsma, EW Steyerberg, CENTER-TBI Participants and Investigators

    Propofol sedation-induced alterations in brain connectivity reflect parvalbumin interneurone distribution in human cerebral cortex.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.bja.2020.11.035
    Journal: Br J Anaesth
    E-pub date: 1 Apr 2021
    Authors: MM Craig, B Misic, I Pappas, RM Adapa, DK Menon, EA Stamatakis

    LSD alters dynamic integration and segregation in the human brain.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117653
    Journal: Neuroimage
    E-pub date: 15 Feb 2021
    Authors: AI Luppi, RL Carhart-Harris, L Roseman, I Pappas, DK Menon, EA Stamatakis

    Understanding the relationship between cognitive performance and function in daily life after traumatic brain injury.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2020-324492
    Journal: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry
    E-pub date: 2 Dec 2020
    Authors: L Wilson, L Horton, K Kunzmann, BJ Sahakian, VF Newcombe, EA Stamatakis, N von Steinbuechel, K Cunitz, A Covic, A Maas, D Van Praag, D Menon, CENTER-TBI participants and investigators

    Diffusion structural network metrics as a predictor for Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis in Down syndrome using support vector machine classification

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1002/alz.040261
    Journal: Alzheimer's & Dementia
    E-pub date: 1 Dec 2020
    Authors: SSG Brown, E Mak, M Grigorova, J Beresford‐Webb, MJ Walpert, E Jones, YT Hong, TD Fryer, JP Coles, FI Aigbirhio, BL Handen, BT Christian, WE Klunk, DK Menon, PJ Nestor, AJ Holland, S Zaman

    Neurological and neuropsychiatric complications of COVID-19 in 153 patients: a UK-wide surveillance study.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30287-X
    Journal: Lancet Psychiatry
    E-pub date: 1 Oct 2020
    Authors: A Varatharaj, N Thomas, MA Ellul, NWS Davies, TA Pollak, EL Tenorio, M Sultan, A Easton, G Breen, M Zandi, JP Coles, H Manji, R Al-Shahi Salman, DK Menon, TR Nicholson, LA Benjamin, A Carson, C Smith, MR Turner, T Solomon, R Kneen, SL Pett, I Galea, RH Thomas, BD Michael, CoroNerve Study Group

    A Synergistic Workspace for Human Consciousness Revealed by Integrated Information Decomposition

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.25.398081
    Journal:
    E-pub date: 1 Aug 2020
    Authors: A Luppi, PAM Mediano, F Rosas, J Allanson, J Pickard, R Carhart-Harris, G Williams, M Craig, P Finoia, A Owen, L Naci, D Menon, D Bor, E Stamatakis

    A synergistic core for human brain evolution and cognition

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.22.308981
    Journal:
    E-pub date: 1 Aug 2020
    Authors: A Luppi, PAM Mediano, F Rosas, N Holland, T Fryer, J O’Brien, J Rowe, D Menon, D Bor, E Stamatakis

    Distributed harmonic patterns of structure-function dependence orchestrate human consciousness

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.10.244459
    Journal:
    E-pub date: 1 Aug 2020
    Authors: A Luppi, J Vohryzek, M Kringelbach, PAM Mediano, M Craig, R Adapa, R Carhart-Harris, L Roseman, I Pappas, ARD Peattie, A Manktelow, B Sahakian, P Finoia, G Williams, J Allanson, J Pickard, D Menon, S Atasoy, E Stamatakis

    Fractal dimension of cortical functional connectivity networks & severity of disorders of consciousness.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0223812
    Journal: PLoS One
    E-pub date: 1 Aug 2020
    Authors: TF Varley, M Craig, R Adapa, P Finoia, G Williams, J Allanson, J Pickard, DK Menon, EA Stamatakis

    Neurological Implications of COVID-19 Infections.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1007/s12028-020-00978-4
    Journal: Neurocrit Care
    E-pub date: 1 Jun 2020
    Authors: EJ Needham, SH-Y Chou, AJ Coles, DK Menon

    Reorganisation of Brain Hubs across Altered States of Consciousness.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-60258-1
    Journal: Sci Rep
    E-pub date: 25 Feb 2020
    Authors: D Vatansever, M Schröter, RM Adapa, ET Bullmore, DK Menon, EA Stamatakis

    Consciousness & Brain Functional Complexity in Propofol Anaesthesia.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-57695-3
    Journal: Sci Rep
    E-pub date: 23 Jan 2020
    Authors: TF Varley, AI Luppi, I Pappas, L Naci, R Adapa, AM Owen, DK Menon, EA Stamatakis

    δ-Oscillation Correlates of Anesthesia-induced Unconsciousness in Large-scale Brain Networks of Human Infants.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1097/ALN.0000000000002977
    Journal: Anesthesiology
    E-pub date: 1 Dec 2019
    Authors: I Pappas, L Cornelissen, DK Menon, CB Berde, EA Stamatakis

    Consciousness-specific dynamic interactions of brain integration and functional diversity.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-12658-9
    Journal: Nat Commun
    E-pub date: 10 Oct 2019
    Authors: AI Luppi, MM Craig, I Pappas, P Finoia, GB Williams, J Allanson, JD Pickard, AM Owen, L Naci, DK Menon, EA Stamatakis

    Delineating the topography of amyloid-associated cortical atrophy in Down syndrome.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.02.018
    Journal: Neurobiol Aging
    E-pub date: 31 Aug 2019
    Authors: E Mak, C Padilla, T Annus, LR Wilson, YT Hong, TD Fryer, JP Coles, FI Aigbirhio, DK Menon, PJ Nestor, SH Zaman, AJ Holland

    Fractal Dimension of Cortical Functional Connectivity Networks Predicts Severity in Disorders of Consciousness

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1101/789636
    Journal:
    E-pub date: 1 Aug 2019
    Authors: TF Varley, M Craig, R Adapa, P Finoia, G Williams, J Alanson, J Pickard, DK Menon, EA Stamatakis

    Brain network disintegration during sedation is mediated by the complexity of sparsely connected regions.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.10.078
    Journal: Neuroimage
    E-pub date: 1 Feb 2019
    Authors: I Pappas, RM Adapa, DK Menon, EA Stamatakis

    Methylphenidate-mediated motor control network enhancement in patients with traumatic brain injury.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1080/02699052.2018.1469166
    Journal: Brain Inj
    E-pub date: 1 Aug 2018
    Authors: CL Dorer, AE Manktelow, J Allanson, BJ Sahakian, JD Pickard, A Bateman, DK Menon, EA Stamatakis

    Personalised treatments for traumatic brain injury: cognitive, emotional and motivational targets.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291718000892
    Journal: Psychol Med
    E-pub date: 1 Jul 2018
    Authors: G Savulich, DK Menon, EA Stamatakis, JD Pickard, BJ Sahakian

    Default Mode Network Engagement Beyond Self-Referential Internal Mentation.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1089/brain.2017.0489
    Journal: Brain Connect
    E-pub date: 1 May 2018
    Authors: D Vatansever, A Manktelow, BJ Sahakian, DK Menon, EA Stamatakis

    Spectral Diversity in Default Mode Network Connectivity Reflects Behavioral State.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01213
    Journal: J Cogn Neurosci
    E-pub date: 1 Apr 2018
    Authors: MM Craig, AE Manktelow, BJ Sahakian, DK Menon, EA Stamatakis

    Brain-predicted age in Down syndrome is associated with beta amyloid deposition and cognitive decline.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.04.006
    Journal: Neurobiol Aging
    E-pub date: 31 Aug 2017
    Authors: JH Cole, T Annus, LR Wilson, R Remtulla, YT Hong, TD Fryer, J Acosta-Cabronero, A Cardenas-Blanco, R Smith, DK Menon, SH Zaman, PJ Nestor, AJ Holland

    Neural correlates of visual memory in patients with diffuse axonal injury.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1080/02699052.2017.1341998
    Journal: Brain Inj
    E-pub date: 1 Aug 2017
    Authors: J Lauer, L Moreno-López, A Manktelow, EL Carroll, JG Outtrim, JP Coles, VF Newcombe, BJ Sahakian, DK Menon, EA Stamatakis

    Working Memory after Traumatic Brain Injury: The Neural Basis of Improved Performance with Methylphenidate.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00058
    Journal: Front Behav Neurosci
    E-pub date: 1 Aug 2017
    Authors: AE Manktelow, DK Menon, BJ Sahakian, EA Stamatakis

    The Down syndrome brain in the presence and absence of fibrillar β-amyloidosis.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.01.009
    Journal: Neurobiol Aging
    E-pub date: 1 May 2017
    Authors: T Annus, LR Wilson, J Acosta-Cabronero, A Cardenas-Blanco, YT Hong, TD Fryer, JP Coles, DK Menon, SH Zaman, AJ Holland, PJ Nestor

    Anything goes? Regulation of the neural processes underlying response inhibition in TBI patients.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2016.12.002
    Journal: Eur Neuropsychopharmacol
    E-pub date: 1 Feb 2017
    Authors: L Moreno-López, AE Manktelow, BJ Sahakian, DK Menon, EA Stamatakis

    Angular default mode network connectivity across working memory load.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.23341
    Journal: Hum Brain Mapp
    E-pub date: 1 Jan 2017
    Authors: D Vatansever, AE Manktelow, BJ Sahakian, DK Menon, EA Stamatakis

    Depression following traumatic brain injury: A functional connectivity perspective.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1080/02699052.2016.1186839
    Journal: Brain Inj
    E-pub date: 1 Aug 2016
    Authors: L Moreno-López, BJ Sahakian, A Manktelow, DK Menon, EA Stamatakis

    The see-saw brain: recovering consciousness after brain injury.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(16)30027-8
    Journal: Lancet Neurol
    E-pub date: 1 Jul 2016
    Authors: S Chennu, EA Stamatakis, DK Menon

    The pattern of amyloid accumulation in the brains of adults with Down syndrome.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2015.07.490
    Journal: Alzheimers Dement
    E-pub date: 1 May 2016
    Authors: T Annus, LR Wilson, YT Hong, J Acosta-Cabronero, TD Fryer, A Cardenas-Blanco, R Smith, I Boros, JP Coles, FI Aigbirhio, DK Menon, SH Zaman, PJ Nestor, AJ Holland

    Cognitive Flexibility: A Default Network and Basal Ganglia Connectivity Perspective.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1089/brain.2015.0388
    Journal: Brain Connect
    E-pub date: 1 Apr 2016
    Authors: D Vatansever, AE Manktelow, BJ Sahakian, DK Menon, EA Stamatakis

    Dynamic Changes in White Matter Abnormalities Correlate With Late Improvement and Deterioration Following TBI: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1177/1545968315584004
    Journal: Neurorehabil Neural Repair
    E-pub date: 1 Jan 2016
    Authors: VFJ Newcombe, MM Correia, C Ledig, MG Abate, JG Outtrim, D Chatfield, T Geeraerts, AE Manktelow, E Garyfallidis, JD Pickard, BJ Sahakian, PJA Hutchinson, D Rueckert, JP Coles, GB Williams, DK Menon

    Default Mode Dynamics for Global Functional Integration.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2135-15.2015
    Journal: J Neurosci
    E-pub date: 18 Nov 2015
    Authors: D Vatansever, DK Menon, AE Manktelow, BJ Sahakian, EA Stamatakis

    Default mode network connectivity during task execution.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.07.053
    Journal: Neuroimage
    E-pub date: 15 Nov 2015
    Authors: D Vatansever, DK Menon, AE Manktelow, BJ Sahakian, EA Stamatakis

    Factoring the brain signatures of anesthesia concentration and level of arousal across individuals.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2015.08.013
    Journal: Neuroimage Clin
    E-pub date: 1 Aug 2015
    Authors: P Barttfeld, TA Bekinschtein, A Salles, EA Stamatakis, R Adapa, DK Menon, M Sigman

    Early-Phase 11C-PiB PET in Amyloid Angiopathy-Related Symptomatic Cerebral Hemorrhage: Potential Diagnostic Value?

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0139926
    Journal: PLoS One
    E-pub date: 1 Aug 2015
    Authors: K Farid, YT Hong, FI Aigbirhio, TD Fryer, DK Menon, EA Warburton, J-C Baron

    White matter perivascular spaces on magnetic resonance imaging: marker of cerebrovascular amyloid burden?

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.115.009090
    Journal: Stroke
    E-pub date: 1 Jun 2015
    Authors: A Charidimou, YT Hong, HR Jäger, Z Fox, FI Aigbirhio, TD Fryer, DK Menon, EA Warburton, DJ Werring, J-C Baron

    Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research in Traumatic Brain Injury (CENTER-TBI): a prospective longitudinal observational study.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1227/NEU.0000000000000575
    Journal: Neurosurgery
    E-pub date: 1 Jan 2015
    Authors: AIR Maas, DK Menon, EW Steyerberg, G Citerio, F Lecky, GT Manley, S Hill, V Legrand, A Sorgner, CENTER-TBI Participants and Investigators

    Amyloid imaging with carbon 11-labeled Pittsburgh compound B for traumatic brain injury.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2013.4847
    Journal: JAMA Neurol
    E-pub date: 1 Jan 2014
    Authors: YT Hong, T Veenith, D Dewar, JG Outtrim, V Mani, C Williams, S Pimlott, PJA Hutchinson, A Tavares, R Canales, CA Mathis, WE Klunk, FI Aigbirhio, JP Coles, J-C Baron, JD Pickard, TD Fryer, W Stewart, DK Menon

    Neural correlates of successful semantic processing during propofol sedation.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.22375
    Journal: Human Brain Mapping
    E-pub date: 1 Jan 2014
    Authors: RM Adapa, MH Davis, EA Stamatakis, AR Absalom, DK Menon

    Diagnostic utility of amyloid PET in cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2014.43
    Journal: Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism
    E-pub date: 1 Jan 2014
    Authors: J-C Baron, K Farid, E Dolan, G Turc, ST Marrapu, E O'Brien, FI Aigbirhio, TD Fryer, DK Menon, EA Warburton, YT Hong

    Microstructural basis of contusion expansion in traumatic brain injury: insights from diffusion tensor imaging.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2013.11
    Journal: Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism
    E-pub date: 1 Jun 2013
    Authors: VFJ Newcombe, GB Williams, JG Outtrim, D Chatfield, M Gulia Abate, T Geeraerts, A Manktelow, H Room, L Mariappen, PJ Hutchinson, JP Coles, DK Menon

    Critical thresholds for cerebrovascular reactivity after traumatic brain injury.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1007/s12028-011-9630-8
    Journal: Neurocrit Care
    E-pub date: 1 Apr 2012
    Authors: E Sorrentino, J Diedler, M Kasprowicz, KP Budohoski, C Haubrich, P Smielewski, JG Outtrim, A Manktelow, PJ Hutchinson, JD Pickard, DK Menon, M Czosnyka

    A microPET study of the regional distribution of [11C]-PK11195 binding following temporary focal cerebral ischemia in the rat. Correlation with post mortem mapping of microglia activation.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.10.060
    Journal: NeuroImage
    E-pub date: 1 Feb 2012
    Authors: JL Hughes, PS Jones, JS Beech, D Wang, DK Menon, FI Aigbirhio, TD Fryer, JC Baron

    Using positron emission tomography and Carbon 11-labeled Pittsburgh Compound B to image Brain Fibrillar β-amyloid in adults with down syndrome: safety, acceptability, and feasibility.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1001/archneurol.2011.36
    Journal: Arch Neurol
    E-pub date: 1 Jul 2011
    Authors: J Landt, JC D'Abrera, AJ Holland, FI Aigbirhio, TD Fryer, R Canales, YT Hong, DK Menon, J-C Baron, SH Zaman

    Validation of reference tissue modelling for [11C]flumazenil positron emission tomography following head injury.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1007/s12149-011-0480-4
    Journal: Annals of Nuclear Medicine
    E-pub date: 1 Jul 2011
    Authors: T Geeraerts, JP Coles, FI Aigbirhio, JD Pickard, DK Menon, TD Fryer, YT Hong

    Traumatic brain injury alters the functional brain network mediating working memory.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.3109/02699052.2011.608210
    Journal: Brain Injury
    E-pub date: 1 Jan 2011
    Authors: M Kasahara, DK Menon, CH Salmond, JG Outtrim, JVT Tavares, TA Carpenter, JD Pickard, BJ Sahakian, EA Stamatakis

    Changes in resting neural connectivity during propofol sedation.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0014224
    Journal: PLoS One
    E-pub date: 2 Dec 2010
    Authors: EA Stamatakis, RM Adapa, AR Absalom, DK Menon

    Altered functional connectivity in the motor network after traumatic brain injury.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181e7ca58
    Journal: Neurology
    E-pub date: 13 Jul 2010
    Authors: M Kasahara, DK Menon, CH Salmond, JG Outtrim, JV Taylor Tavares, TA Carpenter, JD Pickard, BJ Sahakian, EA Stamatakis

    A combined microdialysis and FDG-PET study of glucose metabolism in head injury.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-008-0169-1
    Journal: ACTA NEUROCHIR
    E-pub date: 1 Jan 2009
    Authors: PJ Hutchinson, MT O'Connell, A Seal, J Nortje, I Timofeev, PG Al-Rawi, JP Coles, TD Fryer, DK Menon, JD Pickard, KLH Carpenter

    Early derangements in oxygen and glucose metabolism following head injury: the ischemic penumbra and pathophysiological heterogeneity.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1007/s12028-008-9119-2
    Journal: Neurocrit Care
    E-pub date: 1 Aug 2008
    Authors: MG Abate, M Trivedi, TD Fryer, P Smielewski, DA Chatfield, GB Williams, F Aigbirhio, TA Carpenter, JD Pickard, DK Menon, JP Coles

    Effect of hyperoxia on regional oxygenation and metabolism after severe traumatic brain injury: preliminary findings.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1097/01.CCM.0000292014.60835.15
    Journal: Crit Care Med
    E-pub date: 1 Jan 2008
    Authors: J Nortje, JP Coles, I Timofeev, TD Fryer, FI Aigbirhio, P Smielewski, JG Outtrim, DA Chatfield, JD Pickard, PJ Hutchinson, AK Gupta, DK Menon

    Imaging of brain hypoxia in permanent and temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat using 18F-fluoromisonidazole and positron emission tomography: a pilot study.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9600405
    Journal: J Cereb Blood Flow Metab
    E-pub date: 1 Apr 2007
    Authors: M Takasawa, JS Beech, TD Fryer, YT Hong, JL Hughes, K Igase, PS Jones, R Smith, FI Aigbirhio, DK Menon, JC Clark, J-C Baron

    Hyperventilation following head injury: effect on ischemic burden and cerebral oxidative metabolism.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1097/01.CCM.0000254066.37187.88
    Journal: Crit Care Med
    E-pub date: 1 Feb 2007
    Authors: JP Coles, TD Fryer, MR Coleman, P Smielewski, AK Gupta, PS Minhas, F Aigbirhio, DA Chatfield, GB Williams, S Boniface, TA Carpenter, JC Clark, JD Pickard, DK Menon

    Intrinsic activated microglia map to the peri-infarct zone in the subacute phase of ischemic stroke.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.0000226980.95389.0b
    Journal: Stroke
    E-pub date: 1 Jul 2006
    Authors: CJS Price, D Wang, DK Menon, JV Guadagno, M Cleij, T Fryer, F Aigbirhio, J-C Baron, EA Warburton

    Intersubject variability and reproducibility of 15O PET studies.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9600179
    Journal: J Cereb Blood Flow Metab
    E-pub date: 1 Jan 2006
    Authors: JP Coles, TD Fryer, PG Bradley, J Nortje, P Smielewski, K Rice, JC Clark, JD Pickard, DK Menon

    Coexisting low cerebral blood flow and volume in head injury is due to microvascular ischaemia, not hypometabolism

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1097/00003643-200509001-00072
    Journal: European Journal of Anaesthesiology
    E-pub date: 1 Sep 2005
    Authors: JP Coles, DK Menon, TD Fryer, DA Chatfield, AK Gupta, LA Steiner, AJ Johnston, J Nortje, PJA Hutchinson, FI Aigbirhio, JC Clark, JD Pickard

    Sources of variability in oxygen-15 PET studies in acute brain injury – impact on sample size estimation

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9591524.0675
    Journal: Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism
    E-pub date: 31 Aug 2005
    Authors: JP Coles, TD Fryer, PG Bradley, J Nortje, P Smielewski, K Rice, JC Clark, JD Pickard, DK Menon

    15O-PET shows that cerebral blood volume is increased in head injury, but may still not be the dominant cause of intracranial hypertension

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9591524.0317
    Journal: Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism
    E-pub date: 31 Aug 2005
    Authors: DK Menon, JP Coles, TD Fryer, DA Chatfield, LA Steiner, AJ Johnston, FI Aigbirhio, JC Clark, JD Pickard

    Physiological thresholds for irreversible tissue damage in contusional regions following traumatic brain injury.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awh536
    Journal: Brain
    E-pub date: 31 Aug 2005
    Authors: AS Cunningham, R Salvador, JP Coles, DA Chatfield, PG Bradley, AJ Johnston, LA Steiner, TD Fryer, FI Aigbirhio, P Smielewski, GB Williams, TA Carpenter, JH Gillard, JD Pickard, DK Menon

    Neurometabolic coupling in the vegetative and minimally conscious states: preliminary findings.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.2004.045930
    Journal: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry
    E-pub date: 1 Mar 2005
    Authors: MR Coleman, DK Menon, TD Fryer, JD Pickard

    Effect of cerebral perfusion pressure augmentation on regional oxygenation and metabolism after head injury.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1097/01.ccm.0000149837.09225.bd
    Journal: Crit Care Med
    E-pub date: 1 Jan 2005
    Authors: AJ Johnston, LA Steiner, JP Coles, DA Chatfield, TD Fryer, P Smielewski, PJ Hutchinson, MT O'Connell, PG Al-Rawi, FI Aigbirihio, JC Clark, JD Pickard, AK Gupta, DK Menon

    Glucose metabolism in traumatic brain injury: a combined microdialysis and [18F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) study.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1007/3-211-32318-X_35
    Journal: Acta Neurochirurgica, Supplementum
    E-pub date: 1 Jan 2005
    Authors: MT O'Connell, A Seal, J Nortje, PG Al-Rawi, JP Coles, TD Fryer, DK Menon, JD Pickard, PJ Hutchinson

    Imaging of cerebral blood flow and metabolism in brain injury in the ICU.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1007/3-211-32318-X_94
    Journal: Acta Neurochirurgica, Supplementum
    E-pub date: 1 Jan 2005
    Authors: JD Pickard, PJ Hutchinson, JP Coles, LA Steiner, AJ Johnston, TD Fryer, MR Coleman, P Smielewski, DA Chatfield, F Aigbirhio, GB Williams, K Rice, JC Clark, CH Salmond, BJ Sahakian, PG Bradley, TA Carpenter, R Salvador, A Pena, JH Gillard, AS Cunningham, S Piechnik, M Czosnyka, DK Menon

    Does induced hypertension reduce cerebral ischaemia within the traumatized human brain?

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awh268
    Journal: Brain
    E-pub date: 1 Nov 2004
    Authors: JP Coles, LA Steiner, AJ Johnston, TD Fryer, MR Coleman, P Smieleweski, DA Chatfield, F Aigbirhio, GB Williams, S Boniface, K Rice, JC Clark, JD Pickard, DK Menon

    Cerebral neutrophil recruitment, histology, and outcome in acute ischemic stroke: an imaging-based study.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.0000130592.71028.92
    Journal: Stroke
    E-pub date: 1 Jul 2004
    Authors: CJS Price, DK Menon, AM Peters, JR Ballinger, RW Barber, KK Balan, A Lynch, JH Xuereb, T Fryer, JV Guadagno, EA Warburton

    Defining ischemic burden after traumatic brain injury using 15O PET imaging of cerebral physiology.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1097/01.WCB.0000100045.07481.DE
    Journal: J Cereb Blood Flow Metab
    E-pub date: 1 Feb 2004
    Authors: JP Coles, TD Fryer, P Smielewski, K Rice, JC Clark, JD Pickard, DK Menon

    Responses of posttraumatic pericontusional cerebral blood flow and blood volume to an increase in cerebral perfusion pressure.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1097/01.WCB.0000090861.67713.10
    Journal: J Cereb Blood Flow Metab
    E-pub date: 1 Nov 2003
    Authors: LA Steiner, JP Coles, AJ Johnston, M Czosnyka, TD Fryer, P Smielewski, DA Chatfield, R Salvador, FI Aigbirhio, JC Clark, DK Menon, JD Pickard

    Evaluation of an MRI-based protocol for cell implantation in four patients with Huntington’s disease.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.3727/000000003108747316
    Journal: Cell Transplant
    E-pub date: 1 Oct 2003
    Authors: C Watts, T Donovan, JH Gillard, NM Antoun, R Burnstein, DK Menon, TA Carpenter, T Fryer, DGT Thomas, JD Pickard

    Assessment of cerebrovascular autoregulation in head-injured patients: a validation study.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.0000089014.59668.04
    Journal: Stroke
    E-pub date: 1 Oct 2003
    Authors: LA Steiner, JP Coles, AJ Johnston, DA Chatfield, P Smielewski, TD Fryer, FI Aigbirhio, JC Clark, JD Pickard, DK Menon, M Czosnyka

    Cerebrovascular pressure reactivity is related to global cerebral oxygen metabolism after head injury.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.74.6.765
    Journal: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry
    E-pub date: 1 Jun 2003
    Authors: LA Steiner, JP Coles, M Czosnyka, PS Minhas, TD Fryer, FI Aigbirhio, JC Clark, P Smielewski, DA Chatfield, T Donovan, JD Pickard, DK Menon

    Integrated image analysis solutions for PET datasets in damaged brain.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1023/a:1026293611455
    Journal: J Clin Monit Comput
    E-pub date: 1 Dec 2002
    Authors: P Smielewski, JP Coles, TD Fryer, PS Minhas, DK Menon, JD Pickard

    Effect of hyperventilation on cerebral blood flow in traumatic head injury: clinical relevance and monitoring correlates.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1097/00003246-200209000-00002
    Journal: Crit Care Med
    E-pub date: 1 Sep 2002
    Authors: JP Coles, PS Minhas, TD Fryer, P Smielewski, F Aigbirihio, T Donovan, SPMJ Downey, G Williams, D Chatfield, JC Matthews, AK Gupta, TA Carpenter, JC Clark, JD Pickard, DK Menon

    Detecting residual cognitive function in persistent vegetative state.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1076/neur.8.4.394.16184
    Journal: Neurocase
    E-pub date: 1 Aug 2002
    Authors: AM Owen, DK Menon, IS Johnsrude, D Bor, SK Scott, T Manly, EJ Williams, C Mummery, JD Pickard

    Ischaemic Burden following Traumatic Brain Injury: Monitoring Correlates and Relevance to Outcome

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1042/cs103062p
    Journal: Clinical Science
    E-pub date: 1 Jul 2002
    Authors: JP Coles, TD Fryer, DA Parry, P Smieleswiksi, J Matthews, T Donovan, D Day, F Aigbrhio, JC Clark, JD Pickard, DK Menon

    Correlation between cerebral blood flow, substrate delivery, and metabolism in head injury: a combined microdialysis and triple oxygen positron emission tomography study.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1097/00004647-200206000-00012
    Journal: J Cereb Blood Flow Metab
    E-pub date: 1 Jun 2002
    Authors: PJ Hutchinson, AK Gupta, TF Fryer, PG Al-Rawi, DA Chatfield, JP Coles, MT O'Connell, R Kett-White, PS Minhas, FI Aigbirhio, JC Clark, PJ Kirkpatrick, DK Menon, JD Pickard

    Measurement of brain tissue oxygenation performed using positron emission tomography scanning to validate a novel monitoring method.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.3171/jns.2002.96.2.0263
    Journal: J Neurosurg
    E-pub date: 1 Feb 2002
    Authors: AK Gupta, PJ Hutchinson, T Fryer, PG Al-Rawi, DA Parry, PS Minhas, R Kett-White, PJ Kirkpatrick, JC Mathews, S Downey, F Aigbirhio, J Clark, JD Pickard, DK Menon

    Potential role of NovoSeven in the prevention of rebleeding following aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage.

    DOI: http://doi.org/10.1097/00001721-200004001-00022
    Journal: Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis
    E-pub date: 1 Apr 2000
    Authors: JD Pickard, PJ Kirkpatrick, T Melsen, RB Andreasen, L Gelling, T Fryer, J Matthews, P Minhas, PJ Hutchinson, D Menon, SP Downey, I Kendall, J Clark, TA Carpenter, E Williams, L Persson